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2009 Malaysia Tuber Plants MINT UNUSED Complete Set
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The term tuber plants or root crops is applied to plants which produce
subterranean structures that are used as human or animal foods. These perennial
plants have organs which store plant nutrients. In many cases the storage organs
may be a root or a modified stem, for example a swollen rhizome or corm, or a
tuber such as a potato or a swollen root as in carrot or sweet potato. All these
swollen underground organs are commonly spoken of as tubers
Root crops
are the second most important source of carbohydrates in the worlds food, the
most important being cereals. However, in the tropical world, root crops are
proportionally much more important. In fact, in many tropical countries where
rice is not grown, they are the staple diet. In general the protein content is
low, but some, like potato and yam provide significant amounts of certain
vitamins.
Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Sweet potato is a dicotyledonous
plant which belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Amongst the approximately 50
genera and more than 1,000 species of this family, on Ipomoea batatas is a crop
plant whose large, starchy, sweet tasting tuberous roots are an important root
vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as
greens.
This plant is an herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate
heart-shaped or palmate lobed leaves as well as medium-sized trumpet-shaped
flowers and thus are also grown as ornamental plants. The edible tuberous root
is long and tapered, with a smooth skin whose colour ranges between red, purple,
brown, yellow, orange and white. Its flesh ranges from white to yellow, orange
and purple.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
Cassava or tapioca (Manihot esculenta)
is a woody shrub of the Euphorbiaceaae that is extensively cultivated as an
annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous
root. Tapioca is the third largest source of carbohydrates and contains
significant amounts of potassium, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin
C.
Tapioca is long and tapered with a firm homogenous flesh encased in a
detachable rind about 1mm thick. The skin is light brown to dark reddish brown
in colour and has a smooth or rough texture. Commercial varieties can be 5 to 10
cm in diameter at the top and 50 to 80 cm long. The colour of the flesh ranges
from chalk white to yellowish.
However, they are poor in protein and
other nutrients. In contrast tapioca leaves are a good source of protein but
should be supplemented with the amino acid methionine to counter the high
cyanide content.
Sengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus)
Sengkuang is one species in the
genus Pachyrrhizus that is commonly called yam bean.
The sengkuang vine
can reach a height f 4-5 metres, given suitable support. Its roots can attain
length of up to 2 metres and weigh up to 20 kilograms. The roots exterioris
yellowishbrown while its inside is creamy white with a crisp textile that
resembles water chestnut or pear.
In contrast to the roots, the remainder
of the sengkuang plant is very poisonous; the seeds contain the toxin rotenone,
which is used to kill insects and stun fish.
Sengkuang is high in
carbohydrates and dietary fiber. It is composed of 86-90% water, containing only
trace amounts of protein and lipids. Its sweet flavour makes it a favourite
ingredient in rojak and popiah.
Yam
Dioscorea alata L. is a genus of over 600 species of flower
plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm
temperate regions of the world. Known as yams, they are important agricultural
crops in the tropical regions, grown for their large tubers.
They are
tuberous herbaceous perennial climbers, ranging from 2 to 12 metres in height.
The leaves are spirally arranged, mostly broad and heart-shaped. The flowers are
individually inconspicuous greenish yellow with six petals; they are mostly
dioecious, with separate male and female plants, though a few species are
monocious, with male and female flowers on the same plant. The fruit is shaped
like a capsule in most species.
Many of these are toxic when fresh but
they can be detoxified and consumed and are particularly important in parts of
Aftrica, Asia and Oceania.
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